What Are Antibiotics & How Do They Work?
Antibiotics are medications that fight bacterial infections by either killing bacteria or stopping them from growing. They are not effective against viruses such as the flu, common cold, or COVID-19. Using antibiotics only when necessary, helps prevent bacteria from becoming resistant, meaning they no longer respond to treatment.
Types of Antibiotics & What They Treat:
- Penicillins (e.g., Amoxicillin, Amoxiclav, Augmentin): Used for chest infections, ear infections, and skin infections.
- Macrolides (e.g., Azithromycin, Clarithromycin): Treat respiratory infections and skin conditions.
- Fluoroquinolones (e.g., Ciprofloxacin, Ciproxin, Levofloxacin): Used for urinary tract infections (UTIs) and serious bacterial infections.
- Cephalosporins (e.g., Cefixime, Keforal): Treat respiratory tract and urinary infections.
- Tetracyclines (e.g., Doxycycline, Minocycline, Tetralysal): Often used for acne, lung infections, and sexually transmitted infections (STIs).
- Nitrofurantoin: Commonly prescribed for urinary tract infections (UTIs).
- Metronidazole (Flagyl): Treats bacterial infections in the stomach and some sexually transmitted infections (STIs).
Who Needs Antibiotic Treatment?
Antibiotics should only be used for bacterial infections, not viral infections like the flu. Doctors prescribe antibiotics for:
- Lung infections like pneumonia or bacterial bronchitis.
- Urinary tract infections (UTIs) that cause pain when urinating.
- Skin infections such as cellulitis (red, swollen skin) or infected wounds.
- Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) like chlamydia.
- Stomach infections caused by harmful bacteria.
- Serious bacterial conditions such as sepsis (a life-threatening infection in the bloodstream).
How to Use Antibiotics Safely
To make sure antibiotics work properly and to avoid resistance, follow these tips:
Always Finish Your Prescription:
- Even if you feel better, stopping early can allow bacteria to return stronger.
- Follow your doctor’s instructions carefully.
Only Take Antibiotics When Needed:
- They do not help with viral infections like the flu or colds.
- Do not use antibiotics prescribed for someone else.
Avoid Antibiotic Resistance:
- Never take leftover antibiotics from a previous illness.
- Doctors should only prescribe antibiotics when necessary.
- If possible, doctors may test the bacteria first to choose the right antibiotic.
Manage Side Effects & Drug Interactions:
- Antibiotics can cause nausea, diarrhea, stomach pain, and yeast infections.
- Some antibiotics may reduce birth control effectiveness, ask your doctor about additional contraception.
- Taking probiotics (healthy bacteria) can help protect your stomach while using antibiotics.
